These features of tau exon 10 lead to much complicated regulation

ere acquired at 1-min intervals under a 40 objective lens, and movie is displayed at 15 fps. Numbers indicate time. Arrowheads indicate mitotic cells. Additional file 3: Dynamics of AtHaspin-GFP in Arabidopsis torpedo embryo. Images were acquired at 1-min intervals under a 40 objective lens, and movie is displayed at 10 fps. Numbers indicate time. Arrowheads indicate mitotic cells. Additional file 4: Dynamics of AtHaspin-GFP in Arabidopsis root tips. Images were acquired at 90-s intervals under a 100 objective lens, and movie is displayed at 5 fps. Numbers indicate time. Arrowheads indicate mitotic cells. Additional file 5: Abnormality of cell orientation in AtHaspin-KD plants. At 6 days after imbibition, Col. plants and transformants with inducible AtHaspin-KD-Venus vectors with or without induction were analyzed using the mPS-PI method. In AtHaspin-KD plants, arrows indicate abnormalities in orientations of cell walls between transverse neighboring cells. Scale bar: 50 m. Transformation of BY-2 cells and BY-GT16 cells was carried out using Agrobacterium-mediated methods as described previously. Stable transgenic BY-2 cells expressing AtHaspin-GFP were observed using a fluorescence microscope. For induction of AtHaspin-tdTomato, 10 M 17-b-estradiol, or 0.1% ethanol was added to 2-dayold cells, and then cells were cultured for a further 48 h. The cells were observed using a fluorescence microscope equipped with a Nipkow disk confocal unit. Indirect immunofluorescence was performed as described previously. The floral-dip method was used for Agrobacteriummediated Arabidopsis transformation. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing AtHaspin-GFP driven by the native promoter were observed using an upright fluorescence microscope, or FluoView FV1000. Cell walls were stained with 10 g/ ml propidium iodide. Root phenotype analysis For induction of AtHaspin-Venus and AtHaspin-KDVenus, 10 M 17-b-estradiol was added to MS medium to induce expression during seed germination in sterile conditions. The root length of vertically grown seedlings was measured with MBF ImageJ software. The size of root meristems was determined by the position of the first endoduplicated cells, which were identified on the basis of their DNA content. Roots were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and 0.1% Triton X-100 for 40 min and stained with CyStain staining solution containing DAPI for 5 min. Images were acquired using the IX-81 fluorescence microscope with a 0.5-m section at the Z axis. These 2D images were used to construct 3D deconvolution images using AutoQuant X. Cell ploidy was calculated using Metamorph. When three cells with more than 4C DNA content were aligned continuously, the top cell was defined as the first endoduplicated cell. Cell wall patterning was analyzed using the mPS-PI method. PI-staining images were acquired under a fluorescence microscope. D.K. was HC-067047 site supported by the Research Fellowships for Young Scientists from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease of unknown aetiology that is more common in women than in men, is characterized by non-destructive arthritis/arthralgias, a cutaneous rash, vasculitis, involvement of the central nervous system and renal and cardiopulmonary manifestations. Although genetic, environmental and sex hormonal factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE, it is known that several cytokines, PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797474 nitric oxide, free radicals, a deranged immune system, a deficient anti-o